History
Independent article: History of Senegal

Islam, the dominant religion within Senegal, number one come to the region in the 11th century. Of the native kingdoms, the Jolof Empire of the 14th century was the virtually all mighty. Various European powers came to a locality from either the 15th century onward, until France ended up within possession of what got be an crucial slave trade departure point. Independence from either France was gained in 1960.

Geography
Independent article: Geography of Senegal

Senegal is placed on the west of the African continent. A Senegalese landscape consists chiefly of the rolling sandlike plains of the american Sahel which rise to foothills in the southeast. On this button is likewise obtained Senegal's greatest point, an otherwise nameless feature touching Nepen Diakha at 581 m. A northern border is formed per Senegal River, other lakes include a Gambia and Casamance Rivers. A capital Dakar lies on the Cap-Vert peninsula, the westmost point of continental Africa.

A local climate is tropical with well-chiseled dry & humid seasons that symptom from either north-east wintertime winds & south-west summertime winds. Dakar's annual rainfall of about Two dozen within (600 millimetre) occurs between June & October after maximal temperatures typical Xxvii °C; December to February minimal temperatures come astir Seventeen °C. Interior temperatures come higher than along a coast, & rawithin increases substantially farther south, exceeding 1500 millimetre annually in a few areas.

Politics

Senegal occurs as republic by having a mighty presidency; the president is elected each seven years, amended in the 2001 to every 5 years, by universal grownup suffrage. A todays president is Abdoulaye Wade.

Senegal likewise has 65 political parties which contribute to development of the united states across working towards the successful transition to democracy in the country, & potentially among more underdeveloped countries on the African continent. A unicameral National Assembly has Great hundred members elected one by one from either a president. One home law-makers, & the fair & independent judiciary besides survive around Senegal. A united states's supreme court that treat by owning business issues come a constitutional council, & a court of justice, members of which are then known as per president.

Senegal has the reputation for transparency inside government operations. A level of economic corruption that has damaged the development of the economies around more area of the globe is very online. inside todays world Senegal has a popular political culture, existence section of one of the virtually all successful popular transitions in Africa. Senegal recognizes & respects a lot cultures, religions & traditions.

Economy
Independent article: Economy of Senegal

Inside January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold & challenging economic reform programme by using a trend lines of the international donor community. This reform began by owning the 50 percent devaluation of Senegal's currency, a CFA franc, which was linked at a fixed rate to the previous French franc and now to the euro. Government price controls & subsidies own been steadily dismantled. When seeing its economy contract by Deuce.One percent within 1993, Senegal made an crucial turnaround, thanks to the reform programme, by having very incubation inside GDP averaging 5 percent annually when you took 1995-2001. Annual inflation had been pushed down to less than Single percent, however rose to an calculated Threesome.Three percent within 2001. Investment rose steadily from either Long dozen.8 percent of GDP around 1993 to 16.Five percent within 1997.

As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with the unified external tariff. Senegal besides realised to the full Internet connectivity in 1996, creating a miniboom within information technology-based services. Personal activity at present accounts for 82% of GDP. On the blackball side, Senegal faces deep-planted urban problems of chronic unemployment, trade union militancy, juvenile delinquency, and drug addiction.

Demographics
Independent article: Demographics of Senegal

Senegal has the people of occasionally 10 million, all about 70% of whom sleep in rural areas. Density around these areas varies from either astir 77 km² in the west-central region to 2 km²in the arid eastern section.

Ethnicity
Senegal has the wide variety of ethnic groups and, accordingly, multiple languages are spoken. French is the official language but is utilized regularly just per literate minority. A Wolof are a big individual class action around Senegal at 43%, more ethnic groups include the Fula (24%), the Serer (15%), the Jola (4%), Mandinka (3%), beside numerous little communities. All about 50,000 Europeans (mostly French) and Lebanese reside in Senegal, primarily in the cities. Among victims cities too, there are also a few Chinese and Vietnamese minorities.

Religion
Senegal recognizes & respects everthing cultures, religions, & traditions. Islam is a predominant religion, practiced by around 94 percent of the country’s people; the Christian community, at 4 percent of the people, includes Roman Catholics and diverse Protestant denominations. A united states is ethnically & religiously diverse.

Islam
Islamic communities come usually organized about one of many Islamic Sufi orders or brotherhoods, headed by the khalif (xaliifa in Wolof, from either Arabic khalÄ«fa), world health organization is unremarkably the directly descendent of the group’s founder. Them big & virtually all large Sufi orders within Senegal come a Tijaniyya, whose largest sub-groups come depending in the cities of Tivaouane and Kaolack, and a MurÄ«diyya (Murid), based in the city of Touba. A Halpulaar, a far flung ethnic class action noticed along a Sahel from either Chad to Senegal, representing 20 percent of a senegalese people, were the number 1 to become converted to Islam. A Halpulaar, composed of various Fula people groups, named Peuls & Toucouleurs in Senegal. Several of the Toucouleurs, or even sedentary Halpulaar of the Senegal Flow of any stream Valley northwards, converted to Islam as much as the millennium agone & late contributed to Islam's propagation throughout Senegal. Virtually all communities south of a Senegal Flow of any stream Valley, nevertheless, were non thoroughly Islamized until the nineteenth & early twentieth centuries. In a period of the mid-nineteenth century, Islam became a banner of trend lines against the traditional aristocracies & French colonialism, & TijÄ?nÄ« leaders Al-Hajj Umar Tall and Màbba Jaxu Ba established short-lived however influential Islamic states however were each flushed inside battle & their empires than annexed per French.

A spread of formal Quranic school (known as daara inside Wolof) in a period of time of the compound period increased largely through the effort of the Tijaniyya. Around Murid communities, which place additional emphasis in a act ethic than on literary Quranic studies, the term daara typically applies to operate groups devoted to working for the religious leader. More Islamic groups include a good deal older QÄ?diriyya order and a Senegalese Laayeen order, which is prominent among a coastal Lebu. In todays world, virtually all Senegalese tikes learn at daaras for many years, memorizing as much of the Qur'an when it might. A bit of of the babies prove my point their religious studies at informal Arabic schools (majlis) or even at a growing total of personal Arabic schools & publicly funded Franco-Arabic schools.

Christianity
Microscopic Roman Catholic communities come primarily observed within coastal Serer, Diola and Balant populations, and within Oriental Senegal among a Bassari and Coniagui. Within Dakar, Catholic & Protestant rites come likewise expert by the part of the Lebanese, Capeverdian, European, & U.s. immigrant people, and among certain Africans of more countries. Although Islam is Senegal's majority religion, Senegal's number one president, Léopold Sédar Senghor, was the Catholic Serer.

Subdivisions

Senegal is divided into eleven administrative regions:

Dakar Diourbel Fatick Kaolack Kolda Louga Matam Saint-Louis Tambacounda Thiès Ziguinchor

Local administrators come a lot appointed by & responsible to the President. Senegal joined by having The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. Still, a envisaged integration of a 2 countries was never carried out, & the union was dissolved within 1989. Despite peace talks, the fissiparous class action in the southern Casamance region has sporadically clashed sustaining government forces since 1982. Senegal has an extended history of participating within international peacekeeping.

Culture
Independent article: Culture of Senegal

Cinema of Senegal List of writers from Senegal List of Senegalese Music of Senegal Ousmane Sembène ''This Senegalese writer and director is considered to become a 'father' of African Cinema.''

Miscellaneous topics
Communications in Senegal Foreign relations of Senegal Indigenous cultures, kingdoms and ethnic groups of Senegal Military of Senegal Transportation in Senegal Education in Senegal University of Dakar